Coleus forskohlii (Coleus) is a botanical herb that has been used for centuries in Ayurvedic traditional medicine. A member of the mint family (Lamiaceae), it grows in the subtropical regions of India, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Thailand.
The herb and its best known active constituent, forskolin, are named after Finnish botanist and zoologist Peter Forsskål. Traditionally, Coleus has been used in Ayurvedic practice for a variety of purposes and remains a herb of ongoing interest among researchers today.
A Herb with a Long History
Historical records describe the use of Coleus in traditional systems of medicine for a range of health applications. While many of these traditional uses continue to be referenced in herbal literature, modern scientific research is still exploring the plant's active constituents and mechanisms of action.
The root of the plant is considered the most valuable part and is typically harvested when concentrations of its key compounds are highest.
What Does Coleus Look Like?
Coleus is a small perennial plant that typically grows to around 60 cm in height. It is recognised by its distinctive teardrop shaped leaves, which are often deep purple with green edges. The intensity of the leaf colour can vary depending on growing conditions, particularly light exposure.
The plant produces clusters of pale blue to purple flowers and develops thick, fibrous roots that are harvested for herbal preparations.
Traditional Uses of Coleus
In Ayurvedic medicine, Coleus forskohlii has traditionally been used for a variety of purposes, including supporting respiratory health and cardiovascular function. These traditional uses form part of the herb's long history within Ayurvedic practice and continue to be referenced in modern herbal literature.
The Active Compound: Forskolin
Forskolin is the primary bioactive compound found in the roots of Coleus forskohlii and has been the focus of much scientific investigation since it was first isolated by researchers in the 1970s.
Although forskolin is considered the herb's best known constituent, researchers have suggested that other naturally occurring compounds within the plant, including essential oils and related phytochemicals, may also contribute to its overall activity.
Modern Research Interest
Modern scientific interest in Coleus largely centres on forskolin, the plant's primary active constituent. Researchers have investigated its effects on cellular signalling pathways through its influence on cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), a messenger molecule involved in many physiological processes.
Because cAMP is involved in numerous biological functions, researchers have explored forskolin's potential role in areas including cardiovascular health, respiratory function and body composition. While these findings have generated scientific interest, further high quality human studies are needed to better understand their clinical significance.
Final Thoughts
Coleus is a fascinating herb with a rich history in Ayurvedic medicine and a unique active constituent that continues to attract scientific attention. Its traditional use, distinctive appearance and interesting chemistry make it one of the more widely studied herbs in modern herbal research.
This article is intended for educational purposes only and is not medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before using herbal medicines or supplements. Herbal medicines may not be suitable for everyone and may interact with certain medications. Always read the label and follow the directions for use.
References
Alternative Medicine Review (2006). Monograph: Coleus forskohlii, 11(1): 47–51.
Thomsen, M. & Gennat, H. (2009). Phytotherapy Desk Reference (4th Ed.), p.43. Global Natural Medicine Pty Ltd.
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